One hallmark of advanced writing is the effectiveness with which one
uses another person's words and ideas. There are three ways to
accomplish this: summary, paraphrase, and direct quote. To summarize or
paraphrase means to keep the author's ideas but to reconstruct them in
your own language, syntax, and voice (while giving attribution to the
original author, of course). To directly quote a source is to keep the
author's ideas and words (if the language is vivid enough to be worth
keeping). However, when using a direct quote, writers should avoid
free-standing quotes (also known as dropped, floating, or cut-and-pasted
quotes). A free-standing quote is a quote that a writer uses without
introduction or integration, and it will disrupt the writer's own tone
and flow.
There are three ways of introducing quotes to prevent them from being free-standing.
1. Use a simple introductory phrase, like "According to" or "So-and-so
argues." This method emphasizes the author, so a writer would use this
when he or she wants to emphasize the person as an expert or someone
offering testimony.
Here's an example.
According to Siegfried Kracauer, "While time is not part of the
photograph like the smile or the chignon, the photograph itself, so it
seems to them, is a representation of time" (424).
2. Write your own sentence, then use a quote (introduced with a colon)
that functions as evidence or demonstration of your sentence's ideas.
Be sure your sentence is a complete sentence; otherwise, the sentence
becomes a fragment. This method works most effectively for using source
material as evidence for the writer's own claims.
Here's an example.
In certain ways, a photograph functions as a more reliable witness than
our own memory: "Memory encompasses neither the entire spatial
appearance nor the entire temporal course of an event. Compared to
photography memory's records are full of gaps" (Kracauer 425).
3. Instead of introducing the entire quote, integrate pieces (words,
phrases, or clauses) into the context of the writer's own syntax. This
method works best to synthesize ideas and to create a smooth flow.
Here's an example.
When we reduce our experience of the world to collecting photographs, we
become guilty of the "warehousing of nature" (Kracauer 435) and loved
ones in dusty albums as forgotten souvenirs.
Your assignment:
A. Find three relevant quotes from your sources.
B. Introduce those three quotes using the above methods:
1. Introductory phrase, "quote" (citation);
2. Complete sentence: "quote" (citation);
3. Your sentence with the "quote" embedded somewhere in the middle (citation).
As the divide between what scholarly criticism ought to be and what it has become grows, Mary M Shirley asserts that critics "should honestly represent what others believe, rather than build an exaggerated, oversimplified caricature" (Shirley 6). [explanation to follow]
ReplyDeleteIn their book Success Ethic, Education, and the American Dream, authors Joseph L. DeVitis and John M. Rich create a concise summary for the definition of success: "But success meant not just being wealthy but achieving wealth and advancing beyond one's father in terms of occupation and income. It also meant continued advancement during one's working years and having a better job and more income at the end of one's career than at the beginning" (DeVitis, Rich 1).
Andrew McWhirter hones on the different origins of criticism by comparing and contrasting the ideals of Noel Carroll and Terry Eagleton. While the two agreed that criticism has deviated from it's original purpose, McWhirter asserts that Carroll's origins "valued judgement above all else", deriving the word itself from "the Greek word kritikos: one who is able to judge", while Eagleton's roots lay buried in "a political struggle for recognition againt an absolutist state" and asserts that criticism "must fulfil a substantive social function" (McWhirter 896).
I've just placed quotes in sentences, actual analysis and explanation of the quotes would come in the sentences to follow.
-Amber G.
1.According to Allison & Goethals (2015), “The allure of heroes lies in their fulfillment of important cognitive and emotional needs, such as our need for wisdom, meaning, hope, inspiration, and personal growth.”
ReplyDelete2. The infallibility of human nature becomes more apparent as we age: “With maturity our perceptions change; we may even outgrow some heroes” (Sanchez, 2000).
3. Power and independence were not considered qualities of a heroic woman in the 1950’s. Publications, such as Ladies Home Journal, portrayed the female hero as a “princess, girl next door, wife, or community housekeeper” (Hume, 2000). Independence was not a ladylike quality.
1. According to Gregory S. Bliming, "A student does not become better at calculus or composition by living in a residential hall"(65).
ReplyDelete2. Student housing isn't for everyone while some may succeed and others might fail: "The simple act of group living requires the development of knowledge and skills for collective coexistence" (Bliming 66-67).
3. Attending a higher education institution is a great way to meet and learn more about people from different backgrounds and cultures, whereas in "one culture may encourage open and intense expression of emotional feelings, whereas another may see that same behavior as inappropriate" (Bliming 68).
1. According to the research article, “Risk, Uncertainty, and Violence in Eastern Africa” by Carol Ember, Teferi Abate Adem and Ian Skoggard, “The idea that resource scarcity would increase the likelihood of war is not new . . . . [and] warfare should cease when the population is more in line with its resources” (34).
ReplyDelete2. Before the French Revolution there were already a huge resource gap: “landlords were increasing their ‘take’ while steadfastly refusing security of tenure” (Lindsay & Reginald, 15). This results to a growing hostility between the peasants and their landlords.
3. Rwanda suffers from land struggles and it served as a catalyst for further conflict, violence and political turmoil. In order to resolve the conflict of competing of lands, the government plans to achieve “an equitable system of land allocation” (Crook, 1489).
-Jasper Agpaoa
1. According to Shahar et al. (2014), “Loving-Kindness Meditation can help self-critical individuals become less self-critical and more self-compassionate which may be efficacious in reducing depressive symptoms and increasing positive emotions (353).”
ReplyDelete[follow by argument]
According to the Greek philosopher, Aristotle, “criticism is something we can avoid easily by saying nothing, doing nothing, and being nothing.”
2. Constructive criticism in an educational environment can provide school faculties a chance to assist minority student's academic success: “Constructive criticism, appears to be a useful pedagogical construct, which allows for a more complex and conceptually grounded way of examining and interpreting a fundamental rubric of academic experience between student and faculty” (Cole, 597).
3. Just as passionately as humans seek for success, we also instinctively avoid any traces of failure. But to obtain success, we first need to willingly “embrace failure and wear the past failure as a badge of honor,” so that our past failures places a value on the path to success (Bennis, Sample, & Asghar, 38).
Jenny Wu
1. According to Howard G. Brown, “…after dozens of fledgling democracies have struggled to find the right balance between retributive justice and political expediency, there is no clear formula, no perfect model” (33).
ReplyDelete2. For the promotion of the resource of health care, for example, basic yet arduous obstacles will hinder its equitable distribution to the entire human population: “Lack of political commitment to preventative health, weak primary care and public health infrastructures, difficulty obtaining acceptance of evidence-based public health policy even in developed countries, and lack of sustainable financing for increasingly complex and expensive vaccines limit their availability in places where they are most needed” (Frieden & Henning, 330-331).
3. The genocide of millions of Native American Indians was justified through the concept of “an abstract world-historical conflict between savagery and civilization” (Konkle, 297) in which the U.S. government assumed the role of civilization combating the savagery of the Native American tribes.
1. In "The Impact of On-Campus Student Growth on First-Year Students Engagement and Success," LaNasa, Olson, and Alleman stated that "living on campus ... appears to foster change ... by maximizing the opportunity for social, cultural, and extracurricular engagement" (944).
ReplyDelete2. Rooming with others with diverse backgrounds conditions students' openness to diversity: "In order to make significant gains in tolerance and openness to diversity, students must have opportunities to interact with students of diverse backgrounds" (Pike, 284).
3. Students rooming on campus were more "conducive to learning" and had an "easier time adjusting" compared to students in a different living environment (Enochs & Roland, par. 11).
Ashley Manuel
1. Introductory - According to R. Peterson, “creativity is fundamental to the study of technology, it is important to understand how to develop a classroom environment that will stimulate and encourage creativity” (8).
ReplyDelete2. Complete – Pretend play is important for developing socially: “to promote social skill development and the potential for outdoor contexts specifically to encourage these play behaviors” (Hestenes, Li, and Wang 61).
3. Emotional connections are important for development because it “represents a person’s holistic attitude toward the world” (Iakovleva 97).
1. According to Steve Nadon, “Having a hero is not necessary; having one role model does not ensure success. Instead, it is the mentorship process that helps individuals form positive character traits and become more effective people” (3).
ReplyDelete2. Age is not the only factor that makes people do not believe in heroes; social media has a negative impact on children as well: Children are unable and unwilling to find respectable hero figures as a result of technology and the media” (Nadon 1).
3. People have different points of views about how a hero has to looks like; these points of views are called “stereotypic expectations” (Scott et. al 59) and they are based on people’s beliefs, culture, or tradition.
Alondra Moreno
1. According to Gary R. Pike, “Campus residence halls provide a potentially powerful environment for encouraging openness to diversity because of extended opportunities for students to interact with peers and staff to implement programs that expose students to multicultural issues” (285).
ReplyDelete2. College allows freshman students to take on different personas, in order for them to see what they like and dislike and will challenge them to experience the world in ways they never have: “Activities will not only serve as a coping mechanism, but will also assist students in making new friends and finding their place in the university community” (Enochs and Roland 68).
3. New roles, relationships, and social demands will challenge college freshman “beyond the classroom” (Nazione 124) to make mature choices about their career path.
Mariel Yanez
1. As explored by Gary Pike, "While living in a residence hall, as opposed to living off campus or in Greek housing, is positively associated with higher levels of achievement, cognitive development, and persistence, the greatest gains in learning and intellectual development are found when residence hall environments are structured to reinforce classroom experiences". (5)
ReplyDelete2. Diversification of resources to students is important in considering on-campus student success, as illustrated by Daniel Eisenberg, "Students living in campus residences have access to a range of resources, some of which may be more difficult for off-campus students to benefit from. There are many resources within residences that are specifically for residents, and campus residences are also typically in close proximity to many other resources in the broader campus community. Many of these resources have the explicit purpose of promoting educational outcomes or potential mediators such as connectedness and mental health". (3)
3. When assessing the statistical success of on campus residence hall living for first time freshmen it is important to apply the "Housing Theory" (Broido et. al 5) in the implementation of community activities and or events.
1. According to researchers at Strategic Enrollment Management Quarterly, “…Students who can identify with their residence hall community, interact with peers in this community, and find solidarity within the community experience an increased sense of communal potential” (84).
ReplyDelete2. Research shows that students who are involved in campus life are more likely to find a place within the campus society: “Activities serve not only as a coping mechanism, but also have assisted students in making new friends and finding their place in the university community.” (Enochs and Roland 65)
3. Although universities are often viewed upon as a means to teach young adults various topics throughout academia, students are often found greatly expanding in the area of “personal development” (Gordon 106)
Paige Oliver
1. According to Maiese (2003), "Societies in which resources are distributed unfairly can become quite prone to social unrest."
ReplyDelete2. Developed sustainability is extremely important to ensure the quality of life for those living in the present as well as those to come: "Sustainable development has been
defined as development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” (New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Office of Planning and Sustainable Communities 2)
3. The sun and wind are types of "renewable energies" (National Renewable Energy Laboratory 11) that can be used to create sustainability within a local community and global nation.
1) According to Rakesh Niraj at the Weatherhead School of Managment, "...The revenue from product consumption experiences is positively associated with the valence of professional reviewers' opinion" (2).
ReplyDelete2) The Bollywood Industry has become more famous and the process of achieving success in its movies is dependent on many elements: "The revenue from product consumption experiences is positively associated with the valence of professional reviewers' opinion" (Niraj 2).
3. Bollywood movie successes have now become more dependent on the "professional reviewer's opinion" (Niraj 2), compared to previous ways of calculating and determining the potential of a Bollywood film.
-Jagjeet Gill
1. According to Gary R. Pike( 2002), "It was expected that students living on campus would report significantly greater openness to diversity than students living off campus" (p.286).
ReplyDelete2. Research has shown that living on campus is beneficial to incoming students: residential halls is a place where male and female students learn to gain knowledge from each other (Rovinsky 46).
3.Living in dorms has provided students with “ample study space”(Enochs & Roland,2006 ) as well as other opportunities which has help students by proving them with a simpler way of adjusting to the new college environment.
-Kimberly Irineo-Donato
1. According to Gregory Blimling, “The question about student learning in RHs is not whether students learn. They will learn. It is about how to create an environment that maximizes the opportunities presented when these forces of change come together” (88).
ReplyDelete2. Being in constant contact with students of diverse backgrounds encourages students to ascertain an identity : “Residence life plays an important role in developing aspects of college students’ religious and spiritual identities, because living on campus exposes students to others with diverse religious and spiritual beliefs” (Craft, 136).
3. Residence halls create an ambience of “intangible benefits derived from the socialization process” due to daily peer interaction” (Wallace, 96).
-Gelynne Agustin
1. According to Lyla Mehta,"Farmer argues that it is the poor of the world who are largely the victims of structural violence and it is the poor whose lives are largely at the behest of bureaucrats, politicians and pernicious policies and programs such as structural adjustment."(36)
ReplyDelete2. Mexico City is simply not capable of regulating and control water supply:"Compared to the previous optimistic discourse, the government now acknowledges its inability to face citizen demand."(Alba 183)
3. California has thought of effective and long term method for minimizing groundwater overuse "defined as avoiding six undesirable results" (Kiparsky 165) due to a large population.
Carlos Montejo
According to Miller et. al, “The proportion of national income going to the bottommost group has probably not increased in the United States or in most other economies. New forms of division and stratification may be emerging” (17).
ReplyDeleteTrade and reliance of others is key to preventing conflict: “The expectation is that resolve declines as trade increases, making war less attractive, with the understanding that the value of trade should be assessed by a measure of dependence” (Morrow, 485).
When common resources become scarce taking it “ from those who have” might become an issue of conflict (C. Ember & M. Ember, 243).
Rommel Agustin
Source: Profit by Investing in Student Housing: Cash in on the Campus Housing Shortage by Zaransky, Michael H.
ReplyDeleteThis is so irritating to read, I had to download this book onto my phone due to equipment compatibility issues. I dislike using "e-books".
So, that being said:
1.) According to Michael Zaransky, regarding investment into student housing, "Within the asset class of multi-family apartment buildings, I have found that niche-and I don't believe anyone knows more about it than my partner and me. It's the Student Housing Apartment Niche" (Introduction, XIII) regarding opportunities for profiting from the bloated rental market around University Campuses.
2.) I then argue that Student Housing is a way for those with property to fleece the student for profit."Unlike traditional residential investment real estate transactions, student housing property returns are influenced by a unique set of factors. Student Housing properties in particular college towns achieve a high level of occupancy levels when (1) enrollment at the university is high and (2) available alternative housing choices are in short supply. This may sound oversimplistic but, in a nutshell, that is all there is to it." (Zaransky,2) He says this regarding making a profit from students in a university town.
3.) He goes on to state, "A coming Student Housing Shortage on most major university campuses will drive up rents and cash flow for college town property owners and, as a result, supercharge property values and investor net worth." (Zaransky, 2)
These examples could be used in argument that student specific housing is nothing more than a source of profit for investors. It is ultimately the students choice as to where they live, and they should keep these factors in mind when looking at a college, where to study, and where to live as they study. As experienced in San Luis Obispo, and here locally in the area around the college, housing options around colleges are rather pricey due to the demand and shortage of the market.-Samuel